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CTM_MAIL(1) FreeBSD General Commands Manual CTM_MAIL(1) NAME ctm_smail, ctm_dequeue, ctm_rmail -- send and receive ctm(1) deltas via mail SYNOPSIS ctm_smail [-l log] [-m maxmsgsize] [-c maxctmsize] [-q queue-dir] ctm-delta mail-alias ctm_dequeue [-l log] [-n numchunks] queue-dir ctm_rmail [-Dfuv] [-l log] [-p piecedir] [-d deltadir] [-b basedir] [file ...] DESCRIPTION In conjunction with the ctm(1) command, ctm_smail, ctm_dequeue and ctm_rmail are used to distribute changes to a source tree via email. The ctm_smail utility is given a compressed ctm delta, and a mailing list to send it to. It splits the delta into manageable pieces, encodes them as mail messages and sends them to the mailing list (optionally queued to spread the mail load). Each recipient uses ctm_rmail (either manually or automatically) to decode and reassemble the delta, and optionally call ctm to apply it to the source tree. At the moment, several source trees are distributed, and by several sites. These include the FreeBSD-current source and CVS trees, distributed by freefall.FreeBSD.org. Command line arguments for ctm_smail: -l log Instead of appearing on stderr, error diagnostics and informa- tional messages (other than command line errors) are time stamped and written to the file log. -m maxmsgsize Limit the maximum size mail message that ctm_smail is allowed to send. It is approximate since mail headers and other niceties are not counted in this limit. If not specified, it will default to 64000 bytes, leaving room for 1535 bytes of headers before the rumoured 64k mail limit. -c maxctmsize Limit the maximum size delta that will be sent. Deltas bigger that this limit will cause an apology mail message to be sent to the mailing list. This is to prevent massive changes overwhelm- ing users' mail boxes. Note that this is the size before encod- ing. Encoding causes a 4/3 size increase before mail headers are added. If not specified, there is no limit. -q queue-dir Instead of mailing the delta pieces now, store them in the given directory to be mailed later using ctm_dequeue. This feature allows the mailing of large deltas to be spread out over hours or even days to limit the impact on recipients with limited network bandwidth or small mail spool areas. ctm-delta is the delta to be sent, and mail-alias is the mailing list to send the delta to. The mail messages are sent using sendmail(8). Command line arguments for ctm_dequeue: -l log Instead of appearing on stderr, error diagnostics and informa- tional messages (other than command line errors) are time stamped and written to the file log. -n numchunks Limit the number of mail messages that ctm_dequeue will send per run. By default, ctm_dequeue will send one mail message per run. queuedir is the directory containing the mail messages stored by ctm_smail. Up to numchunks mail messages will be sent in each run. The recipient mailing list is already encoded in the queued files. It is safe to run ctm_dequeue while ctm_smail is adding entries to the queue, or even to run ctm_smail multiple times concurrently, but a sepa- rate queue directory should be used for each tree being distributed. This is because entries are served in alphabetical order, and one tree will be unfairly serviced before any others, based on the delta names, not delta creation times. Command line arguments for ctm_rmail: -l log Instead of appearing on stderr, error diagnostics and informa- tional messages (other than command line errors) are time stamped and written to the file log. -p piecedir Collect pieces of deltas in this directory. Each piece corre- sponds to a single mail message. Pieces are removed when com- plete deltas are built. If this flag is not given, no input files will be read, but completed deltas may still be applied with ctm if the -b flag is given. -d deltadir Collect completed deltas in this directory. Deltas are built from one or more pieces when all pieces are present. -b basedir Apply any completed deltas to this source tree. If this flag is not given, deltas will be stored, but not applied. The user may then apply the deltas manually, or by using ctm_rmail without the -p flag. Deltas will not be applied if they do not match the .ctm_status file in basedir (or if .ctm_status does not exist). -D Delete deltas after successful application by ctm. It is proba- bly a good idea to avoid this flag (and keep all the deltas) as ctm has the ability to recover small groups of files from a full set of deltas. -f Fork and execute in the background while applying deltas with ctm. This is useful when automatically invoking ctm_rmail from sendmail because ctm can take a very long time to complete, caus- ing other people's mail to be delayed, and can in theory cause spurious mail retransmission due to the remote sendmail timing out, or even termination of ctm_rmail by mail filters such as MH's slocal. Do not worry about zillions of background ctm pro- cesses loading your machine, since locking is used to prevent more than one ctm invocation at a time. -u Pass the -u flag to the ctm command when applying the complete deltas, causing it to set the modification time of created and modified files to the CTM delta creation time. -v Pass the -v flag to the ctm command when applying the complete deltas, causing a more informative output. All ctm output appears in the ctm_rmail log file. The file arguments (or stdin, if there are none) are scanned for delta pieces. Multiple delta pieces can be read from a single file, so an entire maildrop can be scanned and processed with a single command. It is safe to invoke ctm_rmail multiple times concurrently (with differ- ent input files), as might happen when sendmail is delivering mail asyn- chronously. This is because locking is used to keep things orderly. FILE FORMAT Following are the important parts of an actual (very small) delta piece: From: owner-src-cur To: src-cur Subject: ctm-mail src-cur.0003.gz 1/4 CTM_MAIL BEGIN src-cur.0003.gz 1 4 H4sIAAAAAAACA3VU72/bNhD9bP0VByQoEiyRSZEUSQP9kKTeYCR2gDTdsGFAwB/HRogtG5K8NCj6 v4+UZSdtUQh6Rz0eee/xaF/dzx8up3/MFlDkBNrGnbttAwyo1pxoRgoiBNX/QJ5d3c9/X8DcPGGo lggkPiXngE4W1gUjKPJCYyk5MZRbIqmNW/ASglIFcdwIzTUxaAqhnCPcBqloKEkJVNDMF0Azk+Bo dDzzk0Ods/+A5gXv9YyJHjMCtJwQNeESNma7hOmXDRxn CTM_MAIL END 61065 The subject of the message always begins with ``ctm-mail'' followed by the name of the delta, which piece this is, and how many total pieces there are. The data are bracketed by ``CTM_MAIL BEGIN'' and ``CTM_MAIL END'' lines, duplicating the information in the subject line, plus a sim- ple checksum. If the delta exceeds maxctmsize, then a message like this will be received instead: From: owner-src-cur To: src-cur Subject: ctm-notice src-cur.0999.gz src-cur.0999.gz is 792843 bytes. The limit is 300000 bytes. You can retrieve this delta via ftp. You are then on your own! ENVIRONMENT If deltas are to be applied then ctm(1) and gunzip(1) must be in your PATH. FILES QUEUEDIR/* Pieces of deltas encoded as mail messages waiting to be sent to the mailing list. PIECEDIR/* Pieces of deltas waiting for the rest to arrive. DELTADIR/* Completed deltas. BASEDIR/.ctm_status File containing the name and number of the next delta to be applied to this source tree. EXIT STATUS The ctm_smail, ctm_dequeue and ctm_rmail utilities return exit status 0 for success, and 1 for various failures. The ctm_rmail utility is expected to be called from a mail transfer program, and thus signals failure only when the input mail message should be bounced (preferably into your regular maildrop, not back to the sender). In short, failure to apply a completed delta with ctm is not considered an error important enough to bounce the mail, and ctm_rmail returns an exit status of 0. EXAMPLES To send delta 32 of src-cur to a group of wonderful code hackers known to sendmail as src-guys, limiting the mail size to roughly 60000 bytes, you could use: ctm_smail -m 60000 /wherever/it/is/src-cur.0032.gz src-guys To decode every ctm-mail message in your mailbox, assemble them into com- plete deltas, then apply any deltas built or lying around, you could use: ctm_rmail -p ~/pieces -d ~/deltas -b /usr/ctm-src-cur $MAIL (Note that no messages are deleted by ctm_rmail. Any mail reader could be used for that purpose.) To create a mail alias called receiver-dude that will automatically decode and assemble deltas, but not apply them, you could put the follow- ing lines in your /etc/mail/aliases file (assuming the /ctm/tmp and /ctm/deltas directories and /ctm/log file are writable by user daemon or group wheel): receiver-dude: "|ctm_rmail -p /ctm/tmp -d /ctm/deltas -l /ctm/log" owner-receiver-dude: real_dude@wherever.you.like The second line will catch failures and drop them into your regular mail- box, or wherever else you like. To apply all the deltas collected, and delete those applied, you could use: ctm_rmail -D -d /ctm/deltas -b /ctm/src-cur -l /ctm/apply.log For maximum flexibility, consider this excerpt from a procmail script: PATH=$HOME/bin:$PATH :0 w * ^Subject: ctm-mail cvs-cur | ctm_incoming together with the shell script ~/bin/ctm_incoming: #! /bin/sh PATH="$HOME/bin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin" export PATH cd $HOME/ctm && ctm_rmail -f -p pieces -d deltas -l log -b /ctm which will deposit all ctm deltas in ~/ctm/deltas, apply them to the tree in /ctm, and drop any failures into your regular mail box. Note the PATH manipulation in ctm_incoming which allows ctm_rmail to execute ctm(1) on the (non-FreeBSD) machine that this example was taken from. SECURITY On its own, CTM is an insecure protocol - there is no authentication per- formed that the changes applied to the source code were sent by a trusted party, and so care should be taken if the CTM deltas are obtained via an unauthenticated medium such as regular email. It is a relatively simple matter for an attacker to forge a CTM delta to replace or precede the legitimate one and insert malicious code into your source tree. If the legitimate delta is somehow prevented from arriving, this will go unno- ticed until a later delta attempts to touch the same file, at which point the MD5 checksum will fail. To remedy this insecurity, CTM delta pieces generated by FreeBSD.org are cryptographically signed in a format compatible with the GNU Privacy Guard utility, available in /usr/ports/security/gpg, and the Pretty Good Privacy v5 utility, /usr/ports/security/pgp5. The relevant public key can be obtained by fingering ctm@FreeBSD.org. CTM deltas which are thus signed cannot be undetectably altered by an attacker. Therefore it is recommended that you make use of GPG or PGP5 to verify the signatures if you receive your CTM deltas via email. DIAGNOSTICS In normal operation, ctm_smail will report messages like: ctm_smail: src-cur.0250.gz 1/2 sent to src-guys or, if queueing, ctm_smail: src-cur.0250.gz 1/2 queued for src-guys The ctm_dequeue utility will report messages like: ctm_dequeue: src-cur.0250.gz 1/2 sent The ctm_rmail utility will report messages like: ctm_rmail: src-cur.0250.gz 1/2 stored ctm_rmail: src-cur.0250.gz 2/2 stored ctm_rmail: src-cur.0250.gz complete If any of the input files do not contain a valid delta piece, ctm_rmail will report: ctm_rmail: message contains no delta and return an exit status of 1. You can use this to redirect wayward messages back into your real mailbox if your mail filter goes wonky. These messages go to stderr or to the log file. Messages from ctm(1) turn up here too. Error messages should be self explanatory. SEE ALSO ctm(1), ctm(5) AUTHORS Stephen McKay <mckay@FreeBSD.org> FreeBSD 11.1 January 24, 1995 FreeBSD 11.1
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | FILE FORMAT | ENVIRONMENT | FILES | EXIT STATUS | EXAMPLES | SECURITY | DIAGNOSTICS | SEE ALSO | AUTHORS
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