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LN(1) FreeBSD General Commands Manual LN(1) NAME ln, link -- link files SYNOPSIS ln [-L | -P | -s [-F]] [-f | -iw] [-hnv] source_file [target_file] ln [-L | -P | -s [-F]] [-f | -iw] [-hnv] source_file ... target_dir link source_file target_file DESCRIPTION The ln utility creates a new directory entry (linked file) for the file name specified by target_file. The target_file will be created with the same file modes as the source_file. It is useful for maintaining multi- ple copies of a file in many places at once without using up storage for the ``copies''; instead, a link ``points'' to the original copy. There are two types of links; hard links and symbolic links. How a link ``points'' to a file is one of the differences between a hard and sym- bolic link. The options are as follows: -F If the target file already exists and is a directory, then remove it so that the link may occur. The -F option should be used with either -f or -i options. If none is specified, -f is implied. The -F option is a no-op unless -s option is specified. -L When creating a hard link to a symbolic link, create a hard link to the target of the symbolic link. This is the default. This option cancels the -P option. -P When creating a hard link to a symbolic link, create a hard link to the symbolic link itself. This option cancels the -L option. -f If the target file already exists, then unlink it so that the link may occur. (The -f option overrides any previous -i and -w options.) -h If the target_file or target_dir is a symbolic link, do not follow it. This is most useful with the -f option, to replace a symlink which may point to a directory. -i Cause ln to write a prompt to standard error if the target file exists. If the response from the standard input begins with the character `y' or `Y', then unlink the target file so that the link may occur. Otherwise, do not attempt the link. (The -i option overrides any previous -f options.) -n Same as -h, for compatibility with other ln implementations. -s Create a symbolic link. -v Cause ln to be verbose, showing files as they are processed. -w Warn if the source of a symbolic link does not currently exist. By default, ln makes hard links. A hard link to a file is indistinguish- able from the original directory entry; any changes to a file are effec- tively independent of the name used to reference the file. Directories may not be hardlinked, and hard links may not span file systems. A symbolic link contains the name of the file to which it is linked. The referenced file is used when an open(2) operation is performed on the link. A stat(2) on a symbolic link will return the linked-to file; an lstat(2) must be done to obtain information about the link. The readlink(2) call may be used to read the contents of a symbolic link. Symbolic links may span file systems and may refer to directories. Given one or two arguments, ln creates a link to an existing file source_file. If target_file is given, the link has that name; target_file may also be a directory in which to place the link; otherwise it is placed in the current directory. If only the directory is speci- fied, the link will be made to the last component of source_file. Given more than two arguments, ln makes links in target_dir to all the named source files. The links made will have the same name as the files being linked to. When the utility is called as link, exactly two arguments must be sup- plied, neither of which may specify a directory. No options may be sup- plied in this simple mode of operation, which performs a link(2) opera- tion using the two passed arguments. COMPATIBILITY The -h, -i, -n, -v and -w options are non-standard and their use in scripts is not recommended. They are provided solely for compatibility with other ln implementations. The -F option is FreeBSD extention and should not be used in portable scripts. SEE ALSO link(2), lstat(2), readlink(2), stat(2), symlink(2), symlink(7) STANDARDS The ln utility conforms to IEEE Std 1003.2-1992 (``POSIX.2''). The simplified link command conforms to Version 2 of the Single UNIX Specification (``SUSv2''). HISTORY An ln command appeared in Version 1 AT&T UNIX. FreeBSD 11.1 July 17, 2009 FreeBSD 11.1
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | COMPATIBILITY | SEE ALSO | STANDARDS | HISTORY
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