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PROCCTL(2) FreeBSD System Calls Manual PROCCTL(2) NAME procctl -- control processes LIBRARY Standard C Library (libc, -lc) SYNOPSIS #include <sys/procctl.h> int procctl(idtype_t idtype, id_t id, int cmd, void *arg); DESCRIPTION The procctl() system call provides for control over processes. The idtype and id arguments specify the set of processes to control. If mul- tiple processes match the identifier, procctl will make a ``best effort'' to control as many of the selected processes as possible. An error is only returned if no selected processes successfully complete the request. The following identifier types are supported: P_PID Control the process with the process ID id. P_PGID Control processes belonging to the process group with the ID id. The control request to perform is specified by the cmd argument. The following commands are supported: PROC_SPROTECT Set process protection state. This is used to mark a process as protected from being killed if the system exhausts the available memory and swap. The arg parameter must point to an integer containing an operation and zero or more optional flags. The following operations are supported: PPROT_SET Mark the selected processes as protected. PPROT_CLEAR Clear the protected state of selected processes. The following optional flags are supported: PPROT_DESCEND Apply the requested operation to all child processes of each selected process in addition to each selected process. PPROT_INHERIT When used with PPROT_SET, mark all future child processes of each selected process as pro- tected. Future child processes will also mark all of their future child processes. PROC_REAP_ACQUIRE Acquires the reaper status for the current process. Reaper status means that children orphaned by the reaper's descendants that were forked after the acquisition of reaper status are reparented to the reaper process. After system initialization, init(8) is the default reaper. PROC_REAP_RELEASE Release the reaper state for the current process. The reaper of the current process becomes the new reaper of the current process's descendants. PROC_REAP_STATUS Provides information about the reaper of the specified process, or the process itself when it is a reaper. The data argument must point to a procctl_reaper_status structure which is filled in by the syscall on successful return. struct procctl_reaper_status { u_int rs_flags; u_int rs_children; u_int rs_descendants; pid_t rs_reaper; pid_t rs_pid; }; The rs_flags may have the following flags returned: REAPER_STATUS_OWNED The specified process has acquired reaper status and has not released it. When the flag is returned, the specified process id, pid, identifies the reaper, otherwise the rs_reaper field of the structure is set to the pid of the reaper for the specified process id. REAPER_STATUS_REALINIT The specified process is the root of the reaper tree, i.e., init(8). The rs_children field returns the number of chil- dren of the reaper among the descendants. It is possible to have a child whose reaper is not the specified process, since the reaper for any existing children is not reset on the PROC_REAP_ACQUIRE operation. The rs_descendants field returns the total number of descendants of the reaper(s), not counting descendants of the reaper in the subtree. The rs_reaper field returns the reaper pid. The rs_pid returns the pid of one reaper child if there are any descen- dants. PROC_REAP_GETPIDS Queries the list of descendants of the reaper of the specified process. The request takes a pointer to a procctl_reaper_pids structure in the data parameter. struct procctl_reaper_pids { u_int rp_count; struct procctl_reaper_pidinfo *rp_pids; }; When called, the rp_pids field must point to an array of procctl_reaper_pidinfo structures, to be filled in on return, and the rp_count field must specify the size of the array, into which no more than rp_count elements will be filled in by the kernel. The struct procctl_reaper_pidinfo structure pro- vides some information about one of the reaper's descendants. Note that for a descendant that is not a child, it may be incorrectly identified because of a race in which the original child process exited and the exited process's pid was reused for an unrelated process. struct procctl_reaper_pidinfo { pid_t pi_pid; pid_t pi_subtree; u_int pi_flags; }; The pi_pid field is the process id of the descen- dant. The pi_subtree field provides the pid of the child of the reaper, which is the (grand-)parent of the process. The pi_flags field returns the following flags, further describing the descendant: REAPER_PIDINFO_VALID Set to indicate that the procctl_reaper_pidinfo structure was filled in by the kernel. Zero- filling the rp_pids array and testing the REAPER_PIDINFO_VALID flag allows the caller to detect the end of the returned array. REAPER_PIDINFO_CHILD The pi_pid field identi- fies the direct child of the reaper. PROC_REAP_KILL Request to deliver a signal to some subset of the descendants of the reaper. The data parameter must point to a procctl_reaper_kill structure, which is used both for parameters and status return. struct procctl_reaper_kill { int rk_sig; u_int rk_flags; pid_t rk_subtree; u_int rk_killed; pid_t rk_fpid; }; The rk_sig field specifies the signal to be delivered. Zero is not a valid signal number, unlike for kill(2). The rk_flags field further directs the operation. It is or-ed from the fol- lowing flags: REAPER_KILL_CHILDREN Deliver the specified signal only to direct children of the reaper. REAPER_KILL_SUBTREE Deliver the specified signal only to descen- dants that were forked by the direct child with pid specified in the rk_subtree field. If neither the REAPER_KILL_CHILDREN nor the REAPER_KILL_SUBTREE flags are specified, all cur- rent descendants of the reaper are signalled. If a signal was delivered to any process, the return value from the request is zero. In this case, the rk_killed field identifies the number of processes signalled. The rk_fpid field is set to the pid of the first process for which signal delivery failed, e.g., due to permission prob- lems. If no such process exists, the rk_fpid field is set to -1. PROC_TRACE_CTL Enable or disable tracing of the specified process(es), according to the value of the inte- ger argument. Tracing includes attachment to the process using the ptrace(2) and ktrace(2), debug- ging sysctls, hwpmc(4), dtrace(1), and core dump- ing. Possible values for the data argument are: PROC_TRACE_CTL_ENABLE Enable tracing, after it was dis- abled by PROC_TRACE_CTL_DISABLE. Only allowed for self. PROC_TRACE_CTL_DISABLE Disable tracing for the specified process. Tracing is re-enabled when the process changes the exe- cuting program with the execve(2) syscall. A child inherits the trace settings from the parent on fork(2). PROC_TRACE_CTL_DISABLE_EXEC Same as PROC_TRACE_CTL_DISABLE, but the setting persists for the process even after execve(2). PROC_TRACE_STATUS Returns the current tracing status for the speci- fied process in the integer variable pointed to by data. If tracing is disabled, data is set to -1. If tracing is enabled, but no debugger is attached by the ptrace(2) syscall, data is set to 0. If a debugger is attached, data is set to the pid of the debugger process. PROC_TRAPCAP_CTL Controls the capability mode sandbox actions for the specified sandboxed processes, on a return from any syscall which gives either a ENOTCAPABLE or ECAPMODE error. If the control is enabled, such errors from the syscalls cause delivery of the synchronous SIGTRAP signal to the thread immediately before returning from the syscalls. Possible values for the data argument are: PROC_TRAPCAP_CTL_ENABLE Enable the SIGTRAP signal delivery on capability mode access violations. The enabled mode is inherited by the children of the process, and is kept after fexecve(2) calls. PROC_TRAPCAP_CTL_DISABLE Disable the signal delivery on capabil- ity mode access vio- lations. Note that the global sysctl kern.trap_enocap might still cause the signal to be delivered. See capsicum(4). On signal delivery, the si_errno member of the siginfo signal handler parameter is set to the syscall error value, and the si_code member is set to TRAP_CAP. See capsicum(4) for more information about the capability mode. PROC_TRAPCAP_STATUS Return the current status of signalling capabil- ity mode access violations for the specified process. The integer value pointed to by the data argument is set to the PROC_TRAPCAP_CTL_ENABLE value if the process con- trol enables signal delivery, and to PROC_TRAPCAP_CTL_DISABLE otherwise. See the note about sysctl kern.trap_enocap above, which gives independent global control of signal delivery. NOTES Disabling tracing on a process should not be considered a security fea- ture, as it is bypassable both by the kernel and privileged processes, and via other system mechanisms. As such, it should not be utilized to reliably protect cryptographic keying material or other confidential data. RETURN VALUES If an error occurs, a value of -1 is returned and errno is set to indi- cate the error. ERRORS The procctl() system call will fail if: [EFAULT] The arg parameter points outside the process's allo- cated address space. [EINVAL] The cmd argument specifies an unsupported command. The idtype argument specifies an unsupported identi- fier type. [EPERM] The calling process does not have permission to per- form the requested operation on any of the selected processes. [ESRCH] No processes matched the requested idtype and id. [EINVAL] An invalid operation or flag was passed in arg for a PROC_SPROTECT command. [EPERM] The idtype argument is not equal to P_PID, or id is not equal to the pid of the calling process, for PROC_REAP_ACQUIRE or PROC_REAP_RELEASE requests. [EINVAL] Invalid or undefined flags were passed to a PROC_REAP_KILL request. [EINVAL] An invalid or zero signal number was requested for a PROC_REAP_KILL request. [EINVAL] The PROC_REAP_RELEASE request was issued by the init(8) process. [EBUSY] The PROC_REAP_ACQUIRE request was issued by a process that had already acquired reaper status and has not yet released it. [EBUSY] The PROC_TRACE_CTL request was issued for a process already being traced. [EPERM] The PROC_TRACE_CTL request to re-enable tracing of the process (PROC_TRACE_CTL_ENABLE), or to disable persis- tence of PROC_TRACE_CTL_DISABLE on execve(2) was issued for a non-current process. [EINVAL] The value of the integer data parameter for the PROC_TRACE_CTL or PROC_TRAPCAP_CTL request is invalid. SEE ALSO dtrace(1), cap_enter(2,) kill(2), ktrace(2), ptrace(2), wait(2), capsicum(4), hwpmc(4), init(8) HISTORY The procctl() function appeared in FreeBSD 10.0. The reaper facility is based on a similar feature of Linux and DragonflyBSD, and first appeared in FreeBSD 10.2. FreeBSD 11.1 September 27, 2016 FreeBSD 11.1
NAME | LIBRARY | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | NOTES | RETURN VALUES | ERRORS | SEE ALSO | HISTORY
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